A Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) is a type of business activity that allows to carry out legal business operations in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan. LLP is suitable for businesses of various scales, from small companies with up to 15 employees to large organizations employing up to 250 employees.
To successfully open an LLP in Almaty or other cities in Kazakhstan, you need to be aware of many nuances, which we will discuss in this article.
An LLP can be founded by either a single person (a Kazakhstani citizen or a foreigner with or without a residence permit but holding a business immigrant visa) or a group of individuals (including foreign citizens) united by a common business idea. The registration of an LLP involves several stages.
Онлайн-открытие счёта для ТОО
The first step is to determine the legal address and choose a name for your future business. An LLP can have a legal address at the founder's place of residence or at a leased or purchased premises. It is important that the name of your business is unique and does not duplicate already registered companies. Moreover, when naming your company, you should take into account that the name must be registered in three languages: Kazakh, Russian, and English.
Next, you need to determine the types of activities your company will carry out and classify them according to the CCEA (Common Classifier of Economic Activity).
Another important step is to decide the scale of your business. You can open a small company or a large enterprise. The scale of the upcoming activities determines the size of the authorized capital. Zero tenge is the authorized capital for micro-businesses only. Founders of companies classified as medium and large businesses need to deposit at least 100 MCIs into the future company's account. In monetary terms, this equals KZT 3,692,000 in 2024.
You should also consider which tax regime to choose.
At this stage, a businessman (or a group of businessmen) must address the following tasks:
An LLP can be registered in Kazakhstan in two ways – in person at the Public Service Center (PSC) or online. In the first case, the founder should visit the PSC at the place of registration with a prepared package of documents. You need to have the foundation agreement and a document certifying the Company’s address. After this, you must write an application and, if your business is classified as large one, pay the state duty.
For online registration, you will need far fewer documents – this is one of the advantages of this method. In the application window, it is enough to attach scanned documents (charter, document with founders’ sample signatures, and other documents as requested by the system). All other documents are automatically uploaded from the government databases.
Let's consider online registration in more detail.
Online registration saves time, therefore, many entrepreneurs actively use it. It is done through the e-government portal Egov.kz and includes several simple steps:
The registration takes no more than one day. Upon completion of the procedure, you will receive a certificate in electronic form stating that the legal entity is registered. The certificate is issued free of charge.
Розыгрыш призов для держателей бизнес-карт
To complete the LLP registration and start commercial activities, you need to open a settlement bank account and contact an insurance company to insure your liability as an employer.
Open an account for an LLP at Bank CenterCredit
To open an account, the company founders must submit an application to the bank, providing a certificate of legal entity registration, the charter (original and copy), and have their civil passports.
For the insurance company, you need to provide the charter and the staffing table. At the insurer's office, you will need to write an application.
A foreign citizen can open an LLP in Kazakhstan by undergoing a similar registration procedure. However, the company founders should be prepared to provide additional documents. Note that documentation must be notarized and translated into Kazakh and Russian.
Additionally, you need to prepare a copy of your passport and obtain a Kazakhstani IIN at the Public Service Center or online via Egov.kz. In the second case, you will need a power of attorney for a Kazakhstani citizen who has an EDS. If a citizen of a non-CIS country is opening the LLP, such citizen will need a business immigrant visa C5. It is issued for up to 24 months.
Furthermore, if the foreigner is a citizen of a non-EAEU country and plans to manage the partnership independently, such foreigner will need a temporary residence permit (TRP). A work permit is required as well. Both documents are issued at the PSC, but you can obtain them at Egov.kz.
In this case, you need to provide an extract from the trade register confirming that the company is registered in the applicant's home country under its legislation. Documents must be notarized in your home country, and in Kazakhstan, they should be apostilled or legalized. There is an exception only for businesses from CIS countries. It is simpler for legal entities from neighboring CIS countries to open an LLP as there is no need to obtain a visa or a work permit.
Registering an LLP is a convenient way to conduct business in Kazakhstan. This format is often chosen because it allows for the registration of a company not by one person but by several founders. Moreover, the government creates comfortable conditions for quick and easy registration of partnerships not only for its citizens but also for foreign entrepreneurs. All procedures for opening a partnership are available online, minimizing time costs.
How to register self-employment in Kazakhstan? How much tax should be paid? What nuances should be kept in mind?
Для ведения легальной предпринимательской деятельности юридическому лицу – и ТОО не является исключением – нужен банковский текущий счет. Он открывает доступ к многочисленным услугам: вы можете рассчитываться с поставщиками, начислять зарплату сотрудникам, переводить деньги между своими счетами, перечислять налоги, делать иные отчисления.
Как открыть текущий счет на юридическое лицо? Какие документы следует подготовить? Рассказываем, о каких нюансах важно знать.
Чтобы вести бизнес легально, потребуется открытие ИП в Казахстане. Однако законность – не единственное преимущество. Во-первых, у вас будет идти официальный рабочий стаж. Во-вторых, бизнесмены делают пенсионные отчисления. В-третьих, для индивидуальных предпринимателей в РК созданы все условия для развития бизнеса, его масштабирования.
You can open an IE in Kazakhstan in two ways: online or offline by personally visiting the Public Service Center (PSC). The first method is attractive due to its simplicity and efficiency: you can become an individual entrepreneur in just a few minutes without having to spend your time for travelling to the PSC. The second method will not save time but will allow you to ask the PSC staff all your questions and get comprehensive information. Let's consider both options in more detail.
Online IE registration is possible in three ways:
Let's look at a specific example of how to open an IE through the Egov portal:
Please note that the EDS must be obtained in advance. This can also be done remotely on the Egov.kz website.
The registration procedure is free.
This process is just as simple as using the Egov.kz platform. Bank CenterCredit has launched its own service: you can register through the app or on a special web resource. The service will require identity verification: identification can be done through the Egov.kz portal or via video. The user then fills out information about their business (nature of business, address, tax regime). Done! The entire procedure takes no more than 5 minutes.
One significant advantage of registering through a bank is that you can immediately open an account, issue a corporate card, connect internet banking for business, and even gain access to online accounting services.
To register a business in the classic “paper” format, you need to visit the local Public Service Center or the tax authority at the location of your primary business activity or your residence registration. For example, if you are opening a store, you need to approach to the tax office at your store's location. As with online registration, the documents will be ready within a day.
Please note that in some cases, a lease certificate for the premises where the IE will operate may be required.
To start an IE in Kazakhstan, you need to receive an electronic registration notification. Today, business owners no longer need to obtain an IE registration certificate – it is enough to fill out a special form and download the registration notification from the Personal Area on the Elicense.kz electronic licensing portal. The document specifies the address and name of the enterprise, the type of activity according to the Common Classifier of Economic Activity (OKED), and the chosen tax regime.
Let's answer the most common questions that future entrepreneurs have.
Yes, it is possible to engage in entrepreneurial activities without IE status. However, there is a reservation: in this case, entrepreneurs shall not use hired labor, and the annual profit of the enterprise from the sale of goods, works, and services to individuals shall not exceed 12 minimum wages.
The IE registration process in Kazakhstan seems to be very simple and straightforward. However, there are some hidden pitfalls. In certain cases, the authorized body may refuse to open a business. You will be denied if:
Individuals who have reached the age of majority can open an IE. However, in some cases, it is possible not to wait until the age of 18 and become a full-fledged entrepreneur even at the age of 14. To do this, you need to prepare. So, you will need to attach the consent of legal representatives to the list of documents required for business registration. If there is no consent, you need to provide other documents. This may be a copy of the marriage certificate (if the minor is married) or a court decision declaring that the minor is fully capable (this process is called emancipation). However, emancipation is possible only for individuals who have reached the age of 16.
Individual entrepreneurs may choose one of four regimes:
Suitable for IEs who work independently only, i.e. without hiring employees. It provides the most favorable conditions. The tax rate is the same for all entrepreneurs and is 1% of income.
However, there is a condition: the maximum annual income should not exceed 3,528 MCIs (Monthly Calculation Index). In 2024, 1 MCI equals KZT 3,692.
This regime allows a maximum of 30 employees (including the business owner). But it also comes with more obligations.
What taxes does an IE pay under the simplified regime in Kazakhstan in 2024? 3% of income, with 1.5% being income tax and another 1.5% being social tax. Additionally, the individual entrepreneur pays for themselves: 10% for pensions, 3.5% for social security, and 5% of 1.4 Minimum Wage for health insurance.
The simplified regime is suitable for IEs whose maximum income for six months does not exceed 24,038 MCIs. There is also an additional condition: when using the TIS (three-component integrated system), the income threshold increases.
If an IE's income exceeds 20,000 MCIs during the calendar year (20,000 * 3,692 = 73,840,000), the entrepreneur must obtain a VAT certificate (VAT is 12%).
This taxation system is suitable for companies where, besides the entrepreneur, 49 other people are employed. The tax rate in this case is 10% of income.
But the regime is relevant only when the maximum income for six months does not exceed 144,184 MCIs.
What if your business does not meet the conditions of any of the three systems? In this case, the fourth option - the generally established regime - is optimal. It provides a 10% tax rate on income, while there are no any income limits. Please note that in this situation, tax reports are submitted to the tax authority quarterly and according to the results of the year. The generally established regime is suitable for businesses with large turnovers. Moreover, this system is mandatory for alcohol and tobacco producers, professionals providing financial and accounting services, companies selling petroleum products, or working with natural resources.
In all tax regimes, except for the patent-based regime, it is possible to employ workers. Therefore, their income must be subject to the following taxes and payments to be withheld and paid monthly:
Additionally, the following is paid at the expense of the IE:
Individual entrepreneurs on this regime are exempt from the social tax for employees.
In this case, the entrepreneur will receive a fine. If a businessman is late with payments, a penalty will be charged for each day of delay.
If any data submitted by the entrepreneur during registration changes, the tax authority must be notified thereof. You have 10 days to do this.
Changes are made through the Elicense.kz portal. In the Personal Area, you will see a list of available services – select the Service section (Notification Procedure subsection). Then follow this path: Notification of Commencement of Activities as an IE – Change of IE Registration Data. The next step is to click on the Order Service Online button.
Then, you should select the tax authority at the place of registration – the application for changing registration details will be automatically sent to the tax authority.
A form with all the information about your IE will open – you can edit the necessary details here. The final step is to sign the notification of change with your electronic signature. Here you can also download the new (with changes) notification and the IE certificate.
To sum up, we have learned what is needed to open an IE in Kazakhstan. The procedure is as simple and quick as possible, requiring a minimal package of documents. This is why Kazakhstan is considered one of the countries with a favorable business environment. As we can see, most procedures (obtaining an EDS, changing details) can be done online and save time. However, despite the simplicity of the process, it is essential to remember the individual entrepreneur obligations – including timely tax payments and other payments.